The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) has officially released the HS 2nd Year Geography Syllabus 2025–26 for Class 12 students. The syllabus has been designed to provide a deeper understanding of human, economic, and regional geography, along with practical applications through fieldwork and data analysis.
Students preparing for the HS Final Examination 2026 should thoroughly study this updated syllabus to focus on high-weightage units and practical topics. Teachers can also use it to plan lessons and design assessments in a structured manner.
HS 2nd Year Geography Syllabus 2025–26 – Overview
| Particular | Details |
|---|---|
| Subject Name | Geography |
| Class | HS 2nd Year (Class 12) |
| Board | Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours |
| Total Marks | 100 (Theory + Practical) |
| Academic Year | 2025–2026 |
| Official Website | ahsec.assam.gov.in |
Total Marks Distribution
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Theory Paper | 70 |
| Practical Work (Part II) | 30 |
| Grand Total | 100 Marks |
Unit-Wise Distribution of Marks and Periods
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography (Marks – 35)
| Unit No. | Title | Marks | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Human Geography | 03 | 07 |
| II | People | 09 | 20 |
| III | Human Activities | 08 | 30 |
| IV | Transport, Communication and Trade | 10 | 28 |
B. India – People and Economy (Marks – 35)
| Unit No. | Title | Marks | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | People | 04 | 16 |
| II | Human Settlements | 06 | 12 |
| III | Resources and Development | 09 | 25 |
| IV | Transport, Communication and International Trade | 05 | 15 |
| V | Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | 06 | 14 |
C. Assam – Land, People and Economy (Marks – 10)
| Unit | Title | Marks | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Physiography, Drainage, Climate | — | — |
| II | Composition of Population, Distribution and Density | — | — |
D. Practical Work in Geography – Part II (Marks – 30)
| Unit No. | Title | Marks | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping | 15 | 20 |
| II | Spatial Information Technology / Field Study | 10 | 20 |
| III | Practical Record Book and Viva Voce | 05 | — |
| Total | 30 | 40 |
Detailed Course Content
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography
Unit I – Human Geography: Nature and Scope
- Meaning, nature, and branches of Human Geography.
- Relationship between Human and Environment.
(Marks: 03 | Periods: 07)
Unit II – People
- World population: distribution, density, and growth.
- Components of population change and demographic transition.
- Concept of Human Development and indicators of comparison.
(Marks: 09 | Periods: 20)
Unit III – Human Activities
- Primary Activities: Hunting, gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, mining.
- Secondary Activities: Manufacturing industries and household production.
- Tertiary Activities: Trade, transport, communication, and services.
- Quaternary Activities: Digital divide and information technology.
(Marks: 08 | Periods: 30)
Unit IV – Transport, Communication, and Trade
- Land transport (roads, railways, trans-continental routes).
- Air and satellite communication, cyber space and its importance.
- International trade: basis, changing patterns, ports, and role of WTO.
(Marks: 10 | Periods: 28)
B. India – People and Economy
Unit V – People
- Distribution, density, and growth of India’s population.
- Linguistic and religious composition; rural-urban ratio; occupational structure.
(Marks: 04 | Periods: 16)
Unit VI – Human Settlements
- Types and distribution of rural and urban settlements.
- Functional classification of towns.
(Marks: 06 | Periods: 12)
Unit VII – Resources and Development
- Land and water resources: use, scarcity, and conservation methods.
- Agricultural land use and major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Rubber).
- Mineral and energy resources: iron ore, coal, petroleum, solar, and wind energy.
- Planning in India: target area planning and sustainable development.
(Marks: 09 | Periods: 25)
Unit VIII – Transport, Communication, and International Trade
- Roads, railways, waterways, airways, and communication networks.
- Changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; role of seaports and airports.
(Marks: 05 | Periods: 15)
Unit IX – Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Environmental pollution, urban waste, migration, slums, and land degradation.
(Marks: 06 | Periods: 14)
C. Assam – Land, People and Economy
Unit X – Physiography, Drainage, and Climate
Unit XI – Composition and Distribution of Population, Density
(Marks: 10 | Periods: 13)
D. Practical Work in Geography (Part II)
Unit I – Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping
- Sources of data: primary and secondary.
- Tabulation and processing: calculation of averages, central tendency.
- Diagrammatic and map representation: bars, circles, flow charts, choropleth, isopleth maps.
(Marks: 15 | Periods: 20)
Unit II – Spatial Information Technology / Field Study
- Introduction to GIS: hardware, software, data formats (raster and vector).
- Overlay analysis and mapping.
- Field Study Option: Observation, sketch maps, surveys, flood or land use studies, data analysis.
(Marks: 10 | Periods: 20)
Unit III – Practical Notebook and Viva-Voce
(Marks: 05)
Grand Total
| Component | Marks | Total Periods |
|---|---|---|
| Theory (A + B + C) | 70 | 180 |
| Practical (D) | 30 | 40 |
| Overall Total | 100 | 220 |
Preparation Tips for Geography Students
- Study maps, diagrams, and charts regularly.
- Revise unit summaries after each topic.
- Practice map plotting and thematic mapping frequently.
- Go through case studies on Indian agriculture, population, and trade.
- Prepare short notes for faster revision before exams.
Conclusion
The Assam HS 2nd Year Geography Syllabus 2025–26 by AHSEC provides a well-structured balance between theoretical knowledge and practical learning. By mastering both sections — fundamentals of human geography and the Indian context — students can achieve excellent results in the HS Final Examination 2026.
Important Links
| HS 2nd Year Syllabus | Click Here |
| HS 1st Year Syllabus | Click Here |